All steps of an experiment, sample collection included preparation, detection, and data analysis, are potentially targeted to design a fully automated diagnosis. LoC systems consist of several microscale reaction chambers and channels used to prepare samples and deliver analytes. The core part of an LoC system intended for microbial detection is a biosensor consisting of a recognition element and a readout system. The recognition elements, e.g., antibodies, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, and bacteriocins, are utilized to convert the biological occurrence to a physical or chemical variation. Our methodology is based on a culture-free process of detection. It relies on microorganisms’ properties and is not limited to bench-top equipment, and it does not require skilled technicians to interpret the results. It can differentiate between living and destroyed cells. It measures changes in the electric and chemical properties of the microenvironment around the growing cells. The detection device can recognize the nature of the microorganisms and their ability to respond to different chemical and physical treatments. It has a high signal-to-noise ratio, which eliminates misinterpretation. Our ability to combine technologies has enabled us to improve the quality and the speed of microbial diagnosis.